Phospholipase A2



Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is an enzyme which releases fatty acids from glycerol. It is found in mammals and in snake venoms. PLA2 releases arachidonic acid from membranes causing inflammation and pain. PLA2 from the snake Bothrops jararacussu is called bothropstoxin (BTX) and from Bothrops pirajai – piratoxin (PTX). The viperotoxin (VTX) is a heterodimer of very homologous PLA2 called RV-4/RV-7. The intracellular PLA2 – cystolic PLA2 (cPLA2) – are larger than the secreted PLA2 and contains the targeting C2 domain. The pro-phosphlipase (PPLA2) is a pancreatic PLA2 whose 7-mer N-terminal peptide is being cleaved off to produce the active PLA2. The PLA2 contains many isozymes which are ordered by groups and named accordingly, ie., group I is PLA2G1. The images at the left and at the right correspond to one representative PLA2, i.e. the crystal structure of Phospholipase A2 from Naja naja sagittifera (1yxh).

3D Structures of Phospholipase A2
Update June 2011

PLA2
1une, 1mkt, 1irb, 1bp2, 1bpq, 1g4i, 2bp2, 2bpp - bPLA2 – bovine

2zp3, 2zp4, 2zp5, 1c74, 1kvw, 1kvx, 1kvy, 1ceh, 1mks, 1mku, 1vkq, 1vl9, 2bax, 2bch, 2bd1, 1o3w – bPLA2 (mutant) – bovine

1bvm – bPLA2 - NMR

1qll, 2q2j – PLA2 – Bothrops pirajai

2qog – PLA2 – Crotalus durissus

2ph4 – PLA2 – Zhaoermia mangshanensis

2h4c, 1q6v – IvPLA2 – Indian viper

1vpi – PLA2 – sand viper

2osn, 1fe5, 1dpy – kPLA2 – krait

1g0z, 1g2x – kPLA2 (mutant)

2wg7, 2wg8 – rPLA2 – rice

1p2p, 4p2p – pPLA2 - pig

1y6p, 2phi, 3p2p – pPLA2 (mutant) – pig

1sfv, 1sfw, 1pir, 1pis – pPLA2 - NMR

1yxh – NsPLA2 – Naja sagittifera

1oz6, 2qhe – PLA2 – Echis carinatus

1it4, 1it5 – PLA2 – Stretomyces violaceoruber – NMR

1mg6 – PLA2 – Agkistrodon acutus

1s8g, 1s8h, 1s8i – PLA2 – copperhead

1ijl – PLA2 – Deinagkistrodon acutus

1mc2 – PLA2 – Chinese moccasin

1c74, 1kvw, 1kvx, 1kvy, 1ceh – bPLA2 (mutant) – bovine

1b4w, 1jia, 1c1j – AhPLA2 - Agkistrodon halys

1a2a, 1m8r, 1m8s, 1psj – PLA2 – Gloydius halys

1a3d, 1a3f, 1ln8, 1mh2, 1mh8, 1ows, 1poa, 1psh, 1s6b, 1sz8, 1xxw, 1y75, 1yxl, 1yxh – PLA2 – Naja naja

2osh – PLA2 – Chinese cobra

1ae7, 2not – PLA2 – Notechis scutatus

1aok, 1jlt, 1q5t, 1rgb, 3dih, 3g8g, 3g8h – PLA2 – Vipera ammodytes

2i0u – PLA2 – Vipera nikolskii

1ayp, 1bbc, 1pod – hPLA2 – human

1rlw – hPLA2 CALB domain

1cl5, 1fb2, 1vip, 2pvt, 2pyc – DrPLA2 – Daboia russellii

1faz, 1kp4 – PLA2 – Streptomyces violaceruber

1god – PLA2 – Cerrophidion godmani

1gp7, 1m8t – PLA2 – Ophiophagus hanna

1ozy, 1p7o, 1pwo – PLA2 – Micropechis ikahena

1pp2 – PLA2 – rattlesnake

1ppa, 1vap – PLA2 – cottonmouth

1u4j – PLA2 – Bungarus caeruleus

2aoz – PLA2 – Atropoides nummifer

PLA2 group I
3elo – hPLA2G1B

3q4y - PLA2G1 - Andaman cobra

3fvi, 3fvj – pPLA2G1B+octyl sulfate

3qlm - pPLA2G1B + hexadecanoic acid

3l30, 3l69 - pPLA2GI1+berberine derivative

3osh – NnPLA2G1+atropin

PLA2 group II
1j1a – hPLA2G2A

1n28, 1n29 – hPLA2G2A (mutant)

1kqu, 1kvo – hPLA2G2A+substrate analog

3gf8 – DrPLA2G2+polypeptide

3mlm – PLA2G2 + myristic acid – Neuwiedi lancehead

Human PLA2 group X
1le6, 1le7 – hPLA2G10

Human PLA2 group XVI
2kyt – hPLA2G14 N-terminal

PLA2+inhibitor
3o4m, 3hsw – PLA2+inhibitor

2azy, 2azz, 2b00, 2b01, 2b03, 2b04 – pPLA2+cholate derivative

1y6o, 1fx9, 1fxf – pPLA2+MJ33

1l8s – pPLA2+LPC-ether

5p2p – pPLA2+substrate analog

3nju – PLA2 group I+4-methoxy-benzoic acid – Andaman cobra

2wq5 – PLA2+minocyclin – Indian cobra

1oxl – IcPLA2+indole

3h1x, 3fo7 – IvPLA2+indomethacin

3fg5 – IvPLA2+pentapeptide+ajmaline

3cbi – IvPLA2+anisic acid+ajmaline

2qu9 – IvPLA2+eugenol

2otf – IvPLA2+atenolol

1zwp - IvPLA2+nimesulide

1th6 - IvPLA2+atropine

1td7 - IvPLA2+niflumic acid

1tgm - IvPLA2+aspirin

2wg9 – rPLA2+octanoic acid

1oxr – NsPLA2+aspirin

1bk9 – AhPLA2+PBPB

1fdk – bPLA2+MJ33

1mkv – bPLA2+transition state analog

1o2e – bPLA2 (mutant)+anisic acid

2b96 - bPLA2+benzoic acid derivative

3bp2 – bPLA2+pyruvic acid

1pob -NnPLA2+transition state analog

1poc - PLA2+transition state analog – Honey bee

1db4, 1db5, 1dcy – hPLA2+indole

1poe – hPLA2+phosphonyl inhibitor

1fv0 – DrPLA2+aristolochic acid

1sv3 - DrPLA2+benzoic acid derivative

1tp2, 2pws, 2q1p – DrPLA2+fatty acid

1sv9, 1sxk, 1zyx, 2b17, 2qvd – DrPLA2+anti-inflammatory agent

1kpm – DrPLA2+vitamin E

1oyf – DrPLA2+venom-6 methyl-heptanol

1q7a – DrPLA2+oxyphenabutazone

1y38 – DrPLA2+glycerophosphate

1zr8 – DrPLA2+ajmaline

2arm – DrPLA2+atropine

2dpz – DrPLA2 +hydroxyphenyl acetamide

2oli, 2oth, 2oyf – DrPLA2+indole derivative

2oub – DrPLA2+atenolol

2pmj – DrPLA2+benzopyrone

2zbh – DrPLA2+bavachalcone

1po8, 1tc8 – kPLA2+fatty acid

1xxs – PLA2+fatty acid – Bothrops moojeni

2qhd – EcPLA2+fatty acid

3bjw – EcPLA2+suramin

1y4l – PLA2+suramin – Bothrops asper

PLA2+polypeptide
2o1n, 2d02, 2fnx, 1zm6, 1tdv, 1tg4, 1t37 - IvPLA2+polypeptide

1jq8, 1jq9 - DsPLA2+polypeptide

1mf4, 2rd4, 3gci, 3jq5, 3jql, 3jti - NnPLA2+polypeptide

1skg, 1sqz, 1tg1, 1tj9, 1tjk, 1tk4, 2do2, 2g58, 2gns, 2pb8 - DrPLA2+polypeptide

Bothrops toxins
3i3h, 3i3i, 3hzd, 2oqd, 1zlb, 1umv, 1u73, 1zl7 – BTX

3jr8 – BTXD+Ca

3hzw, 3i03 – BTX+BPB

3iq3, 2h8i – BTX + PEG

1z76 – BTX+bromophenacyl

1gmz, 1qll, 2q2j, 2ok9 - PTX

3cyl – PTX+α-tocopherol

Viperotoxin
1oqs – DrRV4/RV7

cPLA2
1bci – h-cPLA2 C2 domain

Pro-PLA2
1hn4 – pPPLA2+MJ33

4bp2 – bPPLA2